Add TypeDirectedDocumentLoader for type-based document loading

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 - `pyld.FileDocumentLoader`: a document loader for local `file:` URLs with optional root confinement.
 - `pyld.SchemeDirectedDocumentLoader`: a document loader that dispatches URL
   strings to per-scheme loaders.
+- `pyld.TypeDirectedDocumentLoader`: a document loader that dispatches by Python
+  input type (e.g. `pathlib.Path` vs `str`).
 
 ## 3.2.0 - 2026-08-17
 

docs/examples/document_loaders/type_directed.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from pyld import (
+    FileDocumentLoader,
+    FrozenDocumentLoader,
+    SchemeDirectedDocumentLoader,
+    TypeDirectedDocumentLoader,
+    jsonld,
+)
+
+person = (
+    Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / 'data' / 'person_remote_context.jsonld'
+)
+
+file_loader = FileDocumentLoader()
+http_loader = FrozenDocumentLoader(
+    documents={
+        'https://example.com/context': {
+            '@context': {'name': 'http://schema.org/name'},
+        },
+    }
+)
+loader = TypeDirectedDocumentLoader(
+    {
+        Path: file_loader,
+        str: SchemeDirectedDocumentLoader(
+            file=file_loader,
+            http=http_loader,
+            https=http_loader,
+        ),
+    }
+)
+remote = jsonld.load_document(person, options={'documentLoader': loader})
+result = jsonld.expand(
+    remote['document'],
+    options={
+        'documentLoader': loader,
+        'base': remote['documentUrl'],
+    },
+)
+print(json.dumps(result, indent=2))

docs/reference/document-loaders/index.md

@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ class-based loaders for common cases and supports custom subclasses of
 
     Delegate to another Document Loader based on the scheme of the URL, for instance, `file:` vs `https://`.
 
+-   [:material-shape-outline:{ .lg .middle } `TypeDirectedDocumentLoader`](type-directed.md)
+
+    ---
+
+    Delegate by Python input type, for instance `pathlib.Path` vs URL `str`.
+
 -   [:material-code-braces:{ .lg .middle } __Custom Document Loaders__](custom.md)
 
     ---

docs/reference/document-loaders/type-directed.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+hide: [toc]
+---
+# :material-shape-outline: `TypeDirectedDocumentLoader`
+
+::: pyld.TypeDirectedDocumentLoader
+    options:
+      show_root_heading: false
+      show_bases: false
+      heading_level: 3
+      members: false
+
+`TypeDirectedDocumentLoader` dispatches a value to the loader registered for its Python type. Applications can register any types that represent distinct document locations or loading policies.
+
+This example registers `Path` for local documents and `str` for URL values. A local document is loaded through `FileDocumentLoader`; its remote `@context` is a URL string, so the `str` registration delegates to a nested `SchemeDirectedDocumentLoader`.
+
+=== "Example"
+
+    {{ example('document_loaders/type_directed.py', output_syntax='json', indent=4) }}
+
+=== "person_remote_context.jsonld"
+
+    {{ example_data('data/person_remote_context.jsonld', indent=4) }}

lib/pyld/__init__.py

@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@
 from .documentloader.requests import RequestsDocumentLoader
 from .documentloader.requests_sqlite_cache import SqliteCacheRequestsDocumentLoader
 from .documentloader.scheme_directed import SchemeDirectedDocumentLoader
+from .documentloader.type_directed import TypeDirectedDocumentLoader
 
 __all__ = [
     'AioHttpDocumentLoader',
     'BUNDLED_CONTEXTS',
     'SchemeDirectedDocumentLoader',
+    'TypeDirectedDocumentLoader',
     'ContextResolver',
     'DocumentLoader',
     'FileDocumentLoader',

lib/pyld/documentloader/type_directed.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+"""
+Type-dispatching JSON-LD document loader.
+
+.. module:: jsonld.documentloader.type_directed
+  :synopsis: TypeDirectedDocumentLoader for type-based document loading
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any
+
+from pyld.documentloader.base import DocumentLoader, RemoteDocument
+from pyld.jsonld import JsonLdError
+
+
+@dataclass
+class TypeDirectedDocumentLoader(DocumentLoader):
+    """Document loader that dispatches to per-type loaders.
+
+    Constructed with a mapping from Python types to `DocumentLoader` instances.
+    Dispatch uses `isinstance`, so a `pathlib.Path` registration matches
+    `pathlib.PosixPath` / `WindowsPath`. The first matching entry in insertion
+    order wins.
+
+    An unregistered input type raises `JsonLdError` with code
+    `loading document failed` and details naming the registered types.
+
+    :param loaders: mapping of type to document loader.
+    """
+
+    loaders: Mapping[type, DocumentLoader]
+
+    def __call__(self, url: Any, options: dict | None = None) -> RemoteDocument:
+        """Retrieve the JSON-LD document at `url` via the matching type loader.
+
+        :param url: the URL, path, or other location to retrieve.
+        :param options: loader options forwarded to the chosen loader.
+        :return: a `RemoteDocument`.
+        """
+        if options is None:
+            options = {}
+
+        for typ, loader in self.loaders.items():
+            if isinstance(url, typ):
+                return loader(url, options)
+
+        raise JsonLdError(
+            'URL could not be dereferenced; no loader is registered for '
+            f'type "{type(url).__name__}".',
+            'jsonld.InvalidUrl',
+            {
+                'url': url,
+                'types': [typ.__name__ for typ in self.loaders],
+            },
+            code='loading document failed',
+        )

tests/test_type_directed_document_loader.py

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""Tests for TypeDirectedDocumentLoader."""
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from pyld import (
+    FileDocumentLoader,
+    FrozenDocumentLoader,
+    SchemeDirectedDocumentLoader,
+    TypeDirectedDocumentLoader,
+    jsonld,
+)
+from pyld.jsonld import JsonLdError
+
+_CONTEXT_URL = 'https://example.com/context'
+_CONTEXT = {'@context': {'name': 'http://schema.org/name'}}
+_PERSON = {
+    '@context': _CONTEXT_URL,
+    'name': 'Ada Lovelace',
+}
+
+
+def test_dispatches_path_to_file_loader(tmp_path):
+    """A pathlib.Path is dispatched to the Path loader."""
+    path = tmp_path / 'person.jsonld'
+    path.write_text(json.dumps(_PERSON), encoding='utf-8')
+    loader = TypeDirectedDocumentLoader(
+        {
+            Path: FileDocumentLoader(),
+        }
+    )
+
+    result = loader(path, {})
+
+    assert result['contentType'] == 'application/ld+json'
+    assert json.loads(result['document']) == _PERSON
+    assert result['documentUrl'] == path.resolve().as_uri()
+
+
+def test_path_subclass_matches_path_registration(tmp_path):
+    """A concrete Path subclass matches a Path registration via isinstance."""
+    path = tmp_path / 'person.jsonld'
+    path.write_text(json.dumps(_PERSON), encoding='utf-8')
+    assert type(path) is not Path
+    assert isinstance(path, Path)
+    loader = TypeDirectedDocumentLoader(
+        {
+            Path: FileDocumentLoader(),
+        }
+    )
+
+    result = loader(path, {})
+
+    assert json.loads(result['document']) == _PERSON
+
+
+def test_dispatches_str_to_nested_scheme_loader():
+    """A str URL is dispatched to the str loader (e.g. by-scheme)."""
+    http = FrozenDocumentLoader(documents={_CONTEXT_URL: _CONTEXT})
+    loader = TypeDirectedDocumentLoader(
+        {
+            str: SchemeDirectedDocumentLoader(https=http),
+        }
+    )
+
+    result = loader(_CONTEXT_URL, {})
+
+    assert result['document'] == _CONTEXT
+    assert result['documentUrl'] == _CONTEXT_URL
+
+
+def test_unregistered_type_raises():
+    """An unregistered input type raises JsonLdError naming registered types."""
+    loader = TypeDirectedDocumentLoader(
+        {
+            Path: FileDocumentLoader(),
+        }
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(JsonLdError) as exc:
+        loader('https://example.com/person.jsonld', {})
+
+    assert exc.value.code == 'loading document failed'
+    assert exc.value.type == 'jsonld.InvalidUrl'
+    assert exc.value.details['types'] == ['Path']
+
+
+def test_load_path_with_remote_context(tmp_path):
+    """Load a Path whose @context is an https URL via composed loaders."""
+    path = tmp_path / 'person.jsonld'
+    path.write_text(json.dumps(_PERSON), encoding='utf-8')
+    file_loader = FileDocumentLoader()
+    http = FrozenDocumentLoader(documents={_CONTEXT_URL: _CONTEXT})
+    loader = TypeDirectedDocumentLoader(
+        {
+            Path: file_loader,
+            str: SchemeDirectedDocumentLoader(
+                file=file_loader,
+                http=http,
+                https=http,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+
+    remote = jsonld.load_document(path, options={'documentLoader': loader})
+    expanded = jsonld.expand(
+        remote['document'],
+        options={
+            'documentLoader': loader,
+            'base': remote['documentUrl'],
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert expanded == [{'http://schema.org/name': [{'@value': 'Ada Lovelace'}]}]