Summary

The generic webhook channel trusts caller-supplied identity fields (sender, chat_id) from the request body and applies authorization checks to those untrusted values. Because authentication is optional and defaults to disabled (auth_token: None), an attacker who can reach POST /webhook can spoof an allowlisted sender and choose arbitrary chat_id values, enabling high-risk message spoofing and potential IDOR-style session/chat routing abuse.

Details

Relevant code paths:

• src/channels/webhook.rs:121 sets runtime default auth_token: None.
• src/config/types.rs:910 also defaults webhook config auth_token to None.
• src/channels/webhook.rs:224 (validate_auth) explicitly allows requests when no token is configured.
• src/channels/webhook.rs:128 defines WebhookPayload with identity fields fully controlled by caller input:
  • sender: String
  • chat_id: String
• src/channels/webhook.rs:421 performs allowlist authorization using payload.sender.
• src/channels/webhook.rs:433 and src/channels/webhook.rs:434 create InboundMessage using untrusted payload.sender and payload.chat_id.

Why this is vulnerable:

• The system treats user-provided JSON identity as authoritative identity.
• Allowlist enforcement does not verify sender authenticity beyond that payload value.
• chat_id is also attacker-controlled, so routing/session association can be steered to arbitrary chats/conversations.
• If the webhook is exposed without strong upstream authn/authz controls, spoofing is straightforward.

PoC

1. Configure the webhook channel in a vulnerable posture (common default behavior):
   • enabled = true
   • bind_address = "0.0.0.0" (or any reachable interface)
   • port = 9876
   • path = "/webhook"
   • auth_token = null (or omitted)
   • allow_from = ["trusted-user-1"]
   • deny_by_default = true
2. Start ZeptoClaw.
3. Send a forged request with attacker-chosen sender and chat_id, without any Authorization header:

curl -i -X POST "http://127.0.0.1:9876/webhook" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  --data '{
    "message":"FORGED: run privileged workflow",
    "sender":"trusted-user-1",
    "chat_id":"victim-chat-42"
  }'

4. Observe:
   • Response is HTTP/1.1 200 OK.
   • Message is accepted as if it originated from trusted-user-1.
   • Message is routed under attacker-chosen chat_id (victim-chat-42).

Impact

• Vulnerability type:
  • Authentication/authorization bypass (identity spoofing)
  • IDOR-style routing/control issue via attacker-chosen chat_id
• Affected deployments:
  • Any deployment exposing the generic webhook endpoint without strict upstream authentication and identity binding.
• Security consequences:
  • Forged inbound messages from spoofed trusted users.
  • Bypass of allowlist intent by injecting allowlisted sender IDs in payload.
  • Cross-chat/session contamination or hijacking by choosing arbitrary chat_id.
  • Potential unauthorized downstream agent/tool actions triggered by malicious input.

References

• GHSA-46q5-g3j9-wx5c
• qhkm/zeptoclaw#324
• qhkm/zeptoclaw@bf004a2
• https://github.com/qhkm/zeptoclaw/releases/tag/v0.7.6
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32231