Add: SentinelBinarySearch algorithm with tests

[Pranjali86]

• [ x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [ x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• [ x] All filenames are in PascalCase.
• [ x] All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• [ x] All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• [ x] All new algorithms include a corresponding test class that validates their functionality.
• [ x] All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 79.66%. Comparing base (0a62b11) to head (e6cb65c).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             master    #7433   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     79.66%   79.66%           
- Complexity     7258     7261    +3     
=========================================
  Files           801      802    +1     
  Lines         23636    23649   +13     
  Branches       4654     4657    +3     
=========================================
+ Hits          18829    18840   +11     
  Misses         4054     4054           
- Partials        753      755    +2     

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