[BUG] SBOM generation for CycloneDX generates duplicate dependencies

[jamietanna]

Is there an existing issue for this?

• I have searched the existing issues

This issue exists in the latest npm version

• I am using the latest npm

Current Behavior

The generated CycloneDX SBOM may not be able to be parsed by tools, as it generates duplicate dependencies.

Expected Behavior

A CycloneDX v1.5 SBOM generated from a repository can be parsed correctly.

Steps To Reproduce

1. Clone https://gitlab.com/tanna.dev/renovate-graph
2. Run npm sbom --sbom-format cyclonedx > cyclonedx.json
3. Run through an Cyclone validator i.e. go run github.com/CycloneDX/sbom-utility@latest validate --input-file cyclonedx.json

renovate-graph.cyclonedx.json

Environment

• npm: 10.2.3
• Node.js: v18.17.1
• OS Name: Linux
• System Model Name:
• npm config:

; "user" config from /home/jamie/.npmrc

//registry.npmjs.org/:_authToken = (protected) 

; node bin location = /usr/bin/node
; node version = v18.17.1
; npm local prefix = /home/jamie/workspaces/renovate-graph
; npm version = 10.2.3
; cwd = /home/jamie/workspaces/renovate-graph
; HOME = /home/jamie
; Run `npm config ls -l` to show all defaults.

[jkowalleck]

did you experience the same issue when generating the SBOM via official tooling https://github.com/CycloneDX/cyclonedx-node-npm ?

[jkowalleck]

@bdehamer see my earlier remarks related to intrinsic impossible deduplication in node_modules: npm/rfcs#714 (comment)

[bdehamer]

@jamietanna I'm digging into this issue and considering a couple different solutions. I'd be curious to hear which of these best meets the need of your SBOM use cases . . .

The Issue

In certain circumstances, it is not possible for npm to completely deduplicate packages in the node_modules tree. A basic example would be something like this:

demo-package@0.0.1
├─┬ foo@0.0.1
│ └── tslib@1.14.1
├─┬ bar@0.0.1
│ └── tslib@1.14.1
└── tslib@2.6.2

My demo-package project has dependencies on foo, bar and tslib (version 2.6.2). Since foo and bar each have a dependency on an older version of tslib (version 1.14.1) that is in conflict with the version needed by the root project, tslib@1.14.1 cannot be hoisted to top of the node_modules and ends-up being duplicated under both foo and bar.

Since version 1.14.1 of tslib literally appears on-disk at two different locations in the tree, the somewhat naive SBOM generator ends-up adding two identical entries to the CycloneDX components list.

This is why the resulting SBOM fails validation -- we end up with multiple entries which have identical bom-ref values.

Solution 1

One way to address this would be to treat each package that appears in the tree as a distinct dependency -- even if it is technically identical to some other dependency already present in the tree.

Given the example above, this solution would result in tslib@1.14.1 being listed twice in the SBOM, albeit with a distinct bom-ref value. We might choose to do something like prefix the bom-ref name the parent package name resulting in entries that look something like:

[
  {
    "bom-ref": "foo@0.0.1-tslib@1.14.1",
    "type": "library",
    "name": "tslib",
    "version": "1.14.1",
  },
  {
    "bom-ref": "bar@0.0.1-tslib@1.14.1",
    "type": "library",
    "name": "tslib",
    "version": "1.14.1",
  }
]

I believe that this is similar to the how cyclonedx-node-npm solves this problem.

Solution 2

The other approach would be to deduplicate that packages before adding them to the SBOM. Instead of literally mirroring the layout of packages in the node_modules directory, this solution would detect the multiple instances of tslib@1.14.1 and fold them into a single entry in the SBOM components list:

[
  {
    "bom-ref": "tslib@1.14.1",
    "type": "library",
    "name": "tslib",
    "version": "1.14.1",
  }
]

In this case, we're not trying to represent the layout of the node_modules directory, but instead just enumerating the distinct dependencies that comprise the project. This is how both cdxgen and the snyk SBOM command handle the issue of duplicate packages.

---

I think there are cases to be made for either of these solutions, but I'd like to know which of these best matches the output you'd expect to see in a valid SBOM?

[savek-cc]

It's been a while - but I'd strongly vote for option 2.
If a technical identical dependency is included multiple times, it should only appear ONCE as a component in the SBOM.
It can be referenced multiple times in the dependency section of the sbom though. Compare to what maven is also doing.

[ghost91-]

We use OWASP Dependency-Track and just updated it to v4.11.1. It now validates uploaded SBOMs and rejects those generated by npm:

[2024-09-16T04:37:17.479Z] [DependencyTrack] {"status":400,"title":"The uploaded BOM is invalid","detail":"Schema validation failed","errors":["$.components[320].externalReferences[2].url: does not match the iri-reference pattern must be a valid RFC 3987 IRI-reference","$.components[320].externalReferences[2].url: does not match the iri-reference pattern must be a valid RFC 3987 IRI-reference","$.components[320].externalReferences[2].url: does not match the regex pattern ^urn:cdx:[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}/[1-9][0-9]*$","$.components[320].externalReferences[2].url: does not match the iri-reference pattern must be a valid RFC 3987 IRI-reference","$.components[320].externalReferences[2].url: does not match the regex pattern ^urn:cdx:[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}/[1-9][0-9]*#.+$","$.dependencies: the items in the array must be unique"]}

It sounds like the problem is duplicate entries.

The official tooling does not exhibit this problem.

[jkowalleck]

You may want to try CycloneDX's official SBOM generator for NPM - it is properly maintained and does not have those issues.

[gaeljw]

Switching to https://www.npmjs.com/package/@cyclonedx/cyclonedx-npm solved the issue for me. Feels weird that the official CLI tool is not maintained or generates an invalid SBOM :'(