- Monitor query logs for anomalies.
- Identify repeated failed queries or unusual response times.
- Use IDS/IPS or WAF signatures for SQL keywords.
- Enforce secure coding practices.
- Apply principle of least privilege.
- Patch DBMS and web frameworks regularly.
- Conduct code reviews with a focus on input handling.
- Perform regular penetration testing.
- Integrate security into CI/CD pipelines.