bin2iso.c

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT */
/* Copyright (c) 1999 Bob Doiron, 2020 - 2025 Michael Ortmann */

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef __DOS__
  #include <io.h>
  #define ftruncate chsize
#else
  #include <unistd.h>
#endif

#define DEBUG 0
#define CHECK 0 /* don't bother checking bin for validity... */

//----------------Wave Stuff---------------------/
typedef struct wavHdr {
   char riff[4];
   uint32_t bytestoend;
   char wavetxt[4];
   char fmttxt[4];
   uint32_t formatsize;  // 16 byte format specifier
   uint16_t format;      // Windows PCM
   uint16_t channels;    // 2 channels
   uint32_t samplerate;  // 44,100 Samples/sec
   uint32_t avgbyterate; // 176,400 Bytes/sec
   uint16_t samplebytes; // 4 bytes/sample
   uint16_t channelbits; // 16 bits/channel
   char datatxt[4];
   uint32_t blocksize;
} tWavHead;

#define HEADBYTES 36
#define WINDOWS_PCM 0x0001
//-------------------------------------------------/

/*  G L O B A L   D E F I N E S  */
#define SIZERAW 2352
#define SIZEISO_MODE1 2048
#define SIZEISO_MODE2_RAW 2352
#define SIZEISO_MODE2_FORM1 2048
#define SIZEISO_MODE2_FORM2 2336
#define AUDIO 0
#define MODE1 1
#define MODE2 2
#define MODE1_2352 10
#define MODE2_2352 20
#define MODE1_2048 30
#define MODE2_2336 40

#define RAWDATA FF       // using this for leftover data when truncating for non-overburn

#define PROG_INTERVAL 1024
#define UNKNOWN -1
#define OFFSET 150
// got this from easycd pro by looking at a blank disk so it may be off...
#define CD74_MAX_SECTORS 334873 // 653.75 Mb


static unsigned long int Index(char m, char s, char f)
{
  unsigned long int temp;


  temp =  (((m>>4)*10) + (m&0xf)) * 60;
  temp = ( temp + (((s>>4)*10) + (s&0xf))) * 75;
  temp =  temp + (((f>>4)*10) + (f&0xf));

//  printf("\n%d%d %d%d %d%d = %06d", m>>4, m&f, s>>4, s&f, f>>4, f&f, temp);

  return temp;
}

static void unIndex(unsigned long int index, char *ptr)
{
  char m, s, f;

  f = (char) (index % 75);
  s = (char) ((index/75) % 60);
  m = (char) (index/(75*60));
  sprintf(ptr, "%d%d:%d%d:%d%d", m/10, m%10, s/10, s%10, f/10, f%10);

}

// global variables
FILE* fdBinFile;
FILE* fdCueFile;
FILE* fdOutFile;
char sBinFilename[256];
char sOutFilename[256];

unsigned long int writepos = 0; // for inplace conversions...


#ifdef __DOS__
  #define OUTBUF_SIZE 4*1024*4
  #define INBUF_SIZE 4*1024*4
#else
  #define OUTBUF_SIZE 4*1024*1024
  #define INBUF_SIZE 4*1024*1024
#endif
unsigned char OUTBUF[OUTBUF_SIZE];
unsigned int OUTBUF_IDX = 0;
unsigned char INBUF[INBUF_SIZE];
unsigned int INBUF_RIDX = 0;
unsigned int INBUF_WIDX = 0;
unsigned char buf[SIZERAW + 100];

int mode2to1 = 0;

typedef struct track
{
   unsigned short mode;
   unsigned long idx0;
   unsigned long idx1;
   char num[3];
   char name[80];
   unsigned long offset0;
   unsigned long offset1;
   unsigned long size; /* track size in bytes */
} tTrack;

static int buffered_fread(unsigned char *array, unsigned int size) {
   unsigned int i;

   if(INBUF_WIDX == 0) {
      INBUF_WIDX += fread( INBUF, 1, (INBUF_SIZE/size)*size, fdBinFile );
   }
   if(INBUF_WIDX == 0) return 0; // read failed.

   for(i = 0; i< size; i++)
   {

      array[i] = INBUF[INBUF_RIDX++];
      if((INBUF_RIDX == INBUF_WIDX) && (i < (size -1))) {
         printf("   Warning: Premature EOF\n");
         while(i++ < size)
           array[i] = 0; /* zero fill the rest */
         break;
      }
   }

   if(INBUF_RIDX == INBUF_WIDX) {
      INBUF_RIDX = 0;
      INBUF_WIDX = 0;
   }


   return 1; // read passed

}

static void buffered_fwrite(unsigned char *array, unsigned int size) {
   unsigned int idx;
   unsigned long int readpos;

   if(OUTBUF_IDX+size >= OUTBUF_SIZE) {

      if(fdOutFile == fdBinFile) {
         readpos = ftell(fdOutFile);
         if(0 != fseek(fdOutFile, writepos, SEEK_SET)) {
            perror("\nbin2iso(fseek)"); exit(1);
         }
      }

      //      printf("\nWriting            \n");
      if( 1 != fwrite( OUTBUF, OUTBUF_IDX, 1, fdOutFile )) {
         perror("\nbin2iso(fwrite)");
         fclose(fdOutFile);
         // remove(sOutFilename);
         exit(1);
      }
      if( 1 != fwrite( array, size, 1, fdOutFile )) {
         perror("\nbin2iso(fwrite)");
         fclose(fdOutFile);
         // remove(sOutFilename);
         exit(1);
      }
//      printf("\nWrote %d bytes            \n", OUTBUF_IDX+size);
      OUTBUF_IDX = 0;

      if(fdOutFile == fdBinFile) {
         writepos = ftell(fdOutFile);
         if(0 != fseek(fdOutFile, readpos, SEEK_SET)) {
            perror("\nbin2iso(fseek)"); exit(1);
         }
     }


   } else {
      for(idx = 0; idx < size; idx++) {
         OUTBUF[OUTBUF_IDX + idx] = array[idx];
      }
      OUTBUF_IDX+=size;
   }

}


static void flush_buffers(void)
{
   unsigned long int readpos;

   if(fdOutFile == fdBinFile) {
      readpos = ftell(fdOutFile);
      if(0 != fseek(fdOutFile, writepos, SEEK_SET)) {
         perror("\nbin2iso(fseek)"); exit(1);
      }
   }

   if( 1 != fwrite( OUTBUF, OUTBUF_IDX, 1, fdOutFile )) {
      perror("\nbin2iso(fwrite)");
      fclose(fdOutFile);
      // remove(sOutFilename);
      exit(1);
   }

//   printf("\nWrote %d bytes          \n", OUTBUF_IDX);
   OUTBUF_IDX = 0;
   INBUF_RIDX = 0;
   INBUF_WIDX = 0;

   if(fdOutFile == fdBinFile) {
      writepos = ftell(fdOutFile);
      if(0 != fseek(fdOutFile, readpos, SEEK_SET)) {
         perror("\nbin2iso(fseek)"); exit(1);
      }
   }


}



// presumes Line is preloaded with the "current" line of the file
static void getTrackinfo(char *Line, tTrack *track)
{
//   char tnum[3];
   char inum[3];
   char min;
   char sec;
   char block;

   track->idx0 = -1;
   track->idx1 = -1;

   // Get the 'mode'
   if (strncmp(&Line[2], "TRACK ", 6)==0)
   {
      if (Line[8] < '0' || Line[8] > '9' || Line[9] < '0' || Line[9] > '9') {
        printf("Error: Track # is not a 2 digit number\n");
        exit(1);
      }
      strncpy(track->num, &Line[8], 2); track->num[2] = '\0';

      track->mode = UNKNOWN;
      if(strncmp(&Line[11], "AUDIO", 5)==0) track->mode = AUDIO;
      if(strncmp(&Line[11], "MODE1/2352", 10)==0) track->mode = MODE1_2352;
      if(strncmp(&Line[11], "MODE1/2048", 10)==0) track->mode = MODE1_2048;
      if(strncmp(&Line[11], "MODE2/2352", 10)==0) track->mode = MODE2_2352;
      if(strncmp(&Line[11], "MODE2/2336", 10)==0) track->mode = MODE2_2336;
   }
   else
   {
      printf("Error: 2nd line does not begin with '  TRACK '\n");
      exit(1);
   }

   if( (track->mode != MODE1_2352) &&
       (track->mode != MODE1_2048) &&
       (track->mode != MODE2_2352) &&
       (track->mode != MODE2_2336) &&
       (track->mode != AUDIO)         ) {
      printf("Track %s Unsupported mode\n", track->num);
      return;
   }

   // Get the track indexes
   while(1) {
      if(! fgets( Line, 256, fdCueFile ) ) { break; }

      if (strncmp(&Line[2], "TRACK ", 6)==0)
      {
         break; // next track starting
      }

      if (strncmp(&Line[4], "INDEX ", 6)==0)
      {
         strncpy(inum, &Line[10], 2); inum[2] = '\0';
         min = ((Line[13]-'0')<<4) | (Line[14]-'0');
         sec = ((Line[16]-'0')<<4) | (Line[17]-'0');
         block = ((Line[19]-'0')<<4) | (Line[20]-'0');


         if(strcmp(inum, "00")==0) track->idx0 = Index(min, sec, block);
         else if(strcmp(inum, "01")==0) track->idx1 = Index(min, sec, block);
         else { printf("Unexpected Index number: %s\n", inum); exit(1); }

      }
      else if (strncmp(&Line[4], "PREGAP ", 7)==0) { ; /* ignore, handled below */ }
      else if (strncmp(&Line[4], "FLAGS ", 6)==0)  { ; /* ignore */ }
      else { printf("Unexpected cuefile line: %s\n", Line); }
   }
   if(track->idx0 == -1) track->idx0 = track->idx1;
   if(track->idx1 == -1) track->idx1 = track->idx0;
}


static void set_track_names(tTrack tracks[], int nTracks) {
   int i;

   for (i = 0; i < nTracks; i++) {
      strcpy(tracks[i].name, sBinFilename);
      tracks[i].name[strlen(sBinFilename)-4] = '\0';
      if (nTracks > 1) {
         strcat(tracks[i].name, "-");
         strcat(tracks[i].name, tracks[i].num);
      }
      if( (tracks[i].mode == MODE1_2352) ||
          (tracks[i].mode == MODE1_2048) ||
          (tracks[i].mode == MODE2_2352) ||
          (tracks[i].mode == MODE2_2336)    )
      {
         strcat(tracks[i].name, ".iso");
      } else if(tracks[i].mode == AUDIO) {
         strcat(tracks[i].name, ".wav");
      }
   }
}


static void dotrack(short mode, long preidx, long startidx, long endidx, unsigned long offset)
{
   unsigned long blockswritten = 0;
   unsigned int uiLastIndex;
#if CHECK
   unsigned int uiCurrentIndex;
#endif
   unsigned int write = 1;

   tWavHead wavhead = { "RIFF",
                             0,
                        "WAVE",
                        "fmt ",
                            16,       // 16 byte format specifier
                   WINDOWS_PCM,       // format
                             2,       // 2 Channels
                         44100,       // 44,100 Samples/sec
                        176400,       // 176,400 Bytes/sec
                             4,       // 4 bytes/sample
                            16,       // 16 bits/channel
                        "data",
                             0 };


   uiLastIndex = startidx-1;
   // Input -- process -- Output
   if(startidx != 0) printf("\nNote: PreGap = %ld frames\n", startidx-preidx);
   else printf("\nNote: PreGap = %d frames\n", OFFSET); // cd standard: starting offset
                                                       // - of course this isn't true for bootable cd's...

   if(sOutFilename[0] != '\0') {
      printf("Creating %s (%06ld,%06ld) ", sOutFilename, startidx, endidx-1);
   } else {
      printf("Converting (%06ld,%06ld) ", startidx, endidx-1);
   }
   switch(mode)
   {
      case AUDIO:
         printf("Audio");
         break;
      case MODE1_2352:
         printf("Mode1/2048");
         break;
      case MODE2_2336:
         printf("Mode2/2352");
         break;
      case MODE2_2352:
         if(mode2to1 != 1)
            printf("Mode2/2352");
         else
            printf("Mode1/2048");
         break;
      case MODE1_2048:
         printf("Mode1/2048");
         break;
      default:
           printf("Huh? What's going on?");
           exit(1);
   }
   printf(" :       ");

   if(sOutFilename[0] != '\0') {
      if(NULL == (fdOutFile = fopen (sOutFilename, "wb"))) {
         perror("bin2iso(fopen)");
      }
// printf("\nOpened File %s: %d\n", sOutFilename, fdOutFile);

   } else {
      fdOutFile = fdBinFile;
   }
   if (fdOutFile == NULL)   { printf ("    Unable to create %s\n", sOutFilename); exit (1); }

   if(0 != fseek(fdBinFile, offset, SEEK_SET)) {
      perror("\nbin2iso(fseek)"); exit(1);
   }

#if (DEBUG == 0)
   if(mode == AUDIO) {
      if( 1 != fwrite( &wavhead, sizeof(wavhead), 1, fdOutFile ) ) { // write placeholder
         perror("\nbin2iso(fwrite)");
         fclose(fdOutFile);
         // remove(sOutFilename);
         exit(1);
      }
   }
#endif

   memset( &buf[0], '\0', sizeof( buf ) );
   if(mode == MODE2_2336) {
      unsigned int M = 0, S = 2, F = 0;
      while( buffered_fread( &buf[16], SIZEISO_MODE2_FORM2) ) {
         //setup headed area (probably not necessary though...
         //buf[0] = 0;
         memset( &buf[1], 0xFF, sizeof(buf[0])*10 );
         //buf[11] = 0;
         buf[12] = M;
         buf[13] = S;
         buf[14] = F;
         buf[15] = MODE2;

         if((++F&0xF) == 0xA) F += 6;

         if(F == 0x75) { S++; F = 0; }
         if((S&0xF) == 0xA) S += 6;

         if(S == 0x60) { M++; S = 0; }
         if((M&0xF) == 0xA) M += 6;
//         printf("\n%x:%x:%x", M, S, F);

         buffered_fwrite( buf, SIZERAW );
         uiLastIndex++;
         memset( &buf[0], '\0', sizeof( buf ) );
         if (startidx%PROG_INTERVAL == 0) { printf("\b\b\b\b\b\b%06ld", startidx); }
         if (++startidx == endidx) { printf("\b\b\b\b\b\bComplete\n"); break; }
      }
   } else if (mode == MODE1_2048) {
      while( buffered_fread( buf, SIZEISO_MODE1) ) {
         buffered_fwrite( buf, SIZEISO_MODE1 );
         uiLastIndex++;
         if (startidx%PROG_INTERVAL == 0) { printf("\b\b\b\b\b\b%06ld", startidx); }
         if (++startidx == endidx) { printf("\b\b\b\b\b\bComplete\n"); break; }
      }
   } else {
      while( buffered_fread( buf, SIZERAW) ) {
         switch(mode) {
            case AUDIO:
#if (DEBUG == 0)
               buffered_fwrite( buf, SIZERAW );
#endif
               uiLastIndex++;
               blockswritten++;
               break;
            case MODE1_2352:
               // should put a crc check in here...
#if CHECK
               if( buf[15] != MODE1)
               {
                  printf("\nWarning: Mode Error in bin file!\n");
                  printf("   %02x:%02x:%02x : mode %02x\n", buf[12], buf[13], buf[14], buf[15] );
                  //exit(1);
               }

               uiCurrentIndex = Index(buf[12], buf[13], buf[14]) - OFFSET;

               if(uiCurrentIndex != uiLastIndex+1)
               {
                  printf("\nWarning: Frame Error in bin file!\n");
                  printf("Last      %02d:%02d:%02d (%d)\n", ((uiLastIndex+OFFSET)/75)/60, ((uiLastIndex+OFFSET)/75)%60, (uiLastIndex+OFFSET)%75, uiLastIndex );
                  printf("Current   %02x:%02x:%02x (%d)\n", buf[12], buf[13], buf[14], uiCurrentIndex );
                  printf("Expecting %02d:%02d:%02d (%d)\n", ((uiLastIndex+OFFSET+1)/75)/60, ((uiLastIndex+OFFSET+1)/75)%60, (uiLastIndex+OFFSET+1)%75, uiLastIndex+1 );

               }
#endif
#if (DEBUG == 0)
               buffered_fwrite( &buf[16], SIZEISO_MODE1 );
#endif
#if CHECK
               uiLastIndex = uiCurrentIndex;
#endif
               break;
            case MODE2_2352:
#if CHECK
               if( (buf[15]&0xf) != MODE2)
               {
                  printf("\nWarning: Mode Error in bin file!\n");
                  printf("   %02x:%02x:%02x : mode %02x\n", buf[12], buf[13], buf[14], buf[15] );
                  //exit(1);
               }

               uiCurrentIndex = Index(buf[12], buf[13], buf[14]) - OFFSET;

               if(uiCurrentIndex != uiLastIndex+1)
               {
                  printf("\nWarning: Frame Error in bin file!\n");
                  printf("Last      %02d:%02d:%02d (%d)\n", ((uiLastIndex+OFFSET)/75)/60, ((uiLastIndex+OFFSET)/75)%60, (uiLastIndex+OFFSET)%75, uiLastIndex );
                  printf("Current   %02x:%02x:%02x (%d)\n", buf[12], buf[13], buf[14], uiCurrentIndex );
                  printf("Expecting %02d:%02d:%02d (%d)\n", ((uiLastIndex+OFFSET+1)/75)/60, ((uiLastIndex+OFFSET+1)/75)%60, (uiLastIndex+OFFSET+1)%75, uiLastIndex+1 );
               }
#endif
#if (DEBUG == 0)
               if(mode2to1) buffered_fwrite( &buf[16+8], SIZEISO_MODE1 );
               else if(write) buffered_fwrite( &buf[0], SIZEISO_MODE2_RAW );
#endif
#if CHECK
               uiLastIndex = uiCurrentIndex;
#endif
               break;
            default:
               printf("Unknown Mode\n"); exit(1);
               break;
         }

         memset( &buf[0], '\0', sizeof( buf ) );
         if (startidx%PROG_INTERVAL == 0) { printf("\b\b\b\b\b\b%06ld", startidx); }
         if (++startidx == endidx) { printf("\b\b\b\b\b\bComplete\n"); break; }
      }
   }
   flush_buffers(); // flushes write buffer
                    // and clears read buffer.
   if(mode == AUDIO) {
      wavhead.blocksize = blockswritten*SIZERAW;
      wavhead.bytestoend = wavhead.blocksize + HEADBYTES;
      // rewind to the beginning
      if(0 != fseek(fdOutFile, 0, SEEK_SET)) {
         perror("\nbin2iso(fseek)"); exit(1);
      }

#if (DEBUG == 0)
      fwrite( &wavhead, sizeof(wavhead), 1, fdOutFile );
#endif
   }
   fclose(fdOutFile);
}


static void doCueFile(void) {
   int track = 1;
   unsigned long int binIndex = 0;
   unsigned long int trackIndex = 0;
   const int gapThreshold = 20; // look for 0.266 sec gap
   const int valueThreshold = 800; // look for samples < 700
   int count = 0;
   int i, blank;
   int gapon = 0;
   short value;

   char mode[13] = "AUDIO";
   char index0[9] = "00:00:00";
   char index1[9] = "00:00:00";

   printf(            "FILE %s BINARY\n", sBinFilename);
   fprintf(fdCueFile, "FILE %s BINARY\n", sBinFilename);
   memset( buf, '\0', sizeof( buf ) );
   while( fread( buf, 1, SIZERAW, fdBinFile ) ) {
      if(trackIndex == 0) {
         if ( (buf[0] == 0x00) &&
              (buf[1] == 0xFF) &&
              (buf[2] == 0xFF) &&
              (buf[3] == 0xFF) &&
              (buf[4] == 0xFF) &&
              (buf[5] == 0xFF) &&
              (buf[6] == 0xFF) &&
              (buf[7] == 0xFF) &&
              (buf[8] == 0xFF) &&
              (buf[9] == 0xFF) &&
              (buf[10] == 0xFF) &&
              (buf[11] == 0x00)
            ) {
            sprintf(mode, "MODE%d/2352", buf[15]);
         } else {
            sprintf(mode, "AUDIO");
         }
      }
      if(binIndex == 0) {
         printf(            "  TRACK %02d %s\n", track, mode);
         fprintf(fdCueFile, "  TRACK %02d %s\n", track, mode);
         printf(            "    INDEX 01 %s\n", index0);
         fprintf(fdCueFile, "    INDEX 01 %s\n", index0);
      }
      blank = 1;
      for(i = 0; i < SIZERAW; i+=2) {
         value = buf[i+1];
         value = ((value << 8) | buf[i]);
//         printf("%f %i\n",(1.0/75)*binIndex, value);
         if(abs(value) > valueThreshold) {
            blank = 0;
            break;
         }
      }
//      if(i == SIZERAW) printf("%f ~blank~\n", (1.0/75)*binIndex);
      if(blank == 1) count++;
      else if (gapon == 1) {
         gapon = 0;
         unIndex(binIndex-count, index0);
         count = 0;
         unIndex(binIndex, index1);
         printf(            "  TRACK %02d %s\n", track, mode);
         fprintf(fdCueFile, "  TRACK %02d %s\n", track, mode);
         printf(            "    INDEX 00 %s\n", index0);
         fprintf(fdCueFile, "    INDEX 00 %s\n", index0);
         printf(            "    INDEX 01 %s\n", index1);
         fprintf(fdCueFile, "    INDEX 01 %s\n", index1);
      }

      if((count > gapThreshold) && (gapon == 0)) {
         gapon = 1; track++;
         trackIndex = -1;
      }

      memset( buf, '\0', sizeof( buf ) );
      binIndex++;
      trackIndex++;
   }
}

// return 0 to when no data found, 1 when there is.
static int checkGaps(FILE *fdBinFile, tTrack tracks[], int nTracks) {
   int i, k;
   unsigned long int j;
   int writegap = 0;
   short value;
   int count;

   if(nTracks == 2) { return 0; }; // don't need to bother with single track images

   printf("Checking gap data:\n");

   for (i = 0; i < nTracks; i++) {
      if((tracks[i].offset0 != tracks[i].offset1) && (tracks[i-1].mode == AUDIO)) {
         if(0 != fseek(fdBinFile, tracks[i].offset0, SEEK_SET)) {
            perror("\nbin2iso(fseek)"); exit(1);
         }
         count = 0;
         for(j = tracks[i].idx0; j < tracks[i].idx1; j++) {
            if(0 == fread( buf, SIZERAW, 1, fdBinFile ) ) {
               perror("bin2iso(fread)");
               exit(1);
            }
            for(k = 0; k < SIZERAW; k+=2) {
               value = buf[k+1];
               value = ((value << 8) | buf[k]);
               if(value != 0) {
                  count++;

                // printf("%10d: %2x\n", count ,value );
               }
            }
         }
         if(count != 0) {
            printf("   Track%02d - %d values of Non-Zero gap data encountered\n", i-1, count);
            if((count > SIZERAW/2/2) && (writegap == 0)) {
               printf("   -->Threshold reached\n"); writegap = 1;
            }
         }
      }
   }
   return writegap;
}

/* /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ */

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
//   int printon = 0;

   char sLine[256];
   int i,j,q;

//   int writegap = -1;   // auto detect pregap data action by default.
   int writegap = 1;   // keep pregap data by default.
   int no_overburn = 0;
   int createCue = 0;
   char sTrack[3] = "00";
   int doOneTrack = 0;
   int doInPlace = 0;

   tTrack trackA;
   tTrack trackB;

   tTrack tracks[100];
   int nTracks = 0;

   char sOutdir[192];

   /* Tell them what I am. */
   printf("\n%s, %s\n"
          "bin2iso V1.9bm5 - Converts RAW format (.bin) files to ISO/WAV format\n"
          "MIT License\n"
          "(c) 1999 Bob Doiron\n"
          "(c) 2020 - 2025 Michael Ortmann\n", __DATE__, __TIME__
         );
   if(argc < 2) {
      printf("Usage: bin2iso <cuefile> [<output dir>] [-[a]wg] [-t XX] [-i] [-nob]\n"
             "or   : bin2iso <cuefile> -c <binfile>\n"
             "\n"
             "Where:\n"
             "   <cuefile>    - The .cue file that belongs to the .bin file to be converted\n"
             "   <output dir> - The output directory (defaults to current dir)\n"
             "   -nwg         - Indicates that audio data found in the track 'gaps'\n"
             "                  shouldn't be appended to the audio tracks\n"
             "   -awg         - Looks for non-zero data in the 'gaps', if found then gaps\n"
             "                  are appended to audio tracks. Looks for more than 1/2 of a\n"
             "                  sector of non-zero values (%d values).\n"
             "   -t XX        - Extracts the XX'th track.\n"
             "   -i           - Performs the conversion 'in place'. Meaning it truncates the\n"
             "                  binfile after each track is created to minimize diskspace\n"
             "                  requirements.\n"
             "   -nob         - Doesn't use overburn data past %d sectors.\n"
             "                  This of course presumes that the data is not useful.\n"
             "   -c           - Attempts to create a <cuefile> from an existing <binfile>\n", SIZERAW/2/2, CD74_MAX_SECTORS
            );
      exit(1);
   }

   sOutFilename[0] = '\0';

   strcpy(sOutdir, "./"); // default path

   printf("\n");
   for (i=2; i < argc; i++) {
      if (argv[i][0] == '-') {
         /* if (strncmp(&(argv[i][1]), "wg", 2)==0) {
            writegap = 1;
         } else */

         if (strncmp(&(argv[i][1]), "awg", 3)==0) {
            writegap = -1;
            printf("Note: Auto-detecting pregap data\n");
         } else if (strncmp(&(argv[i][1]), "nwg", 3)==0) {
            writegap = 0;
         } else if (strncmp(&(argv[i][1]), "m2to1", 5)==0) {
            mode2to1 = 1;
            printf("Note: Converting Mode2 ISO to Mode1\n");
         } else if (strncmp(&(argv[i][1]), "t", 1)==0) {
            strcpy(sTrack, argv[i+1]);
            doOneTrack = 1;
            i++;
         } else if (strncmp(&(argv[i][1]), "i", 1)==0) {
            if(doOneTrack == 1) { printf("Invalid combination of options...\n"); exit(1); }
            printf("Bin file will be truncated after each track created\n");
            doInPlace = 1;
         } else if (strncmp(&(argv[i][1]), "c", 1)==0) {
            createCue = 1;
            strcpy(sBinFilename, argv[i+1]);
            i++;
         } else if (strncmp(&(argv[i][1]), "nob", 3)==0) {
            no_overburn = 1;
         }
      } else {
         strcpy(sOutdir, argv[2]);
      }
   }

   if(createCue == 1) {
      fdBinFile = fopen (sBinFilename, "rb");
      if (fdBinFile == NULL) {
         printf ("Unable to open %s\n", sBinFilename);
         exit (1);
      }
      fdCueFile = fopen (argv[1], "w");
      if (fdCueFile == NULL) {
         printf ("Unable to create %s\n", argv[1]);
         exit (1);
      }

      if((strcmp(&sBinFilename[strlen(sBinFilename)-4], ".wav")==0) ||
         (strcmp(&sBinFilename[strlen(sBinFilename)-4], ".WAV")==0) ) {
         printf(".wav binfile - Skipping wav header\n");
         if (fread(sLine, 1, sizeof(tWavHead), fdBinFile ) < sizeof(tWavHead)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "fread(%s)\n", sBinFilename);
            exit(1);
         }
      }

      doCueFile();

   } else {
      fdCueFile = fopen (argv[1], "r");
      if (fdCueFile == NULL) {
         printf ("Unable to open %s\n", argv[1]);
         exit (1);
      }

      // get bin filename from cuefile... why? why not.
      if(! fgets( sLine, 256, fdCueFile ) ) {
         printf ("Error Reading Cuefile\n");
         exit (1);
      }
      if (strncmp(sLine, "FILE ", 5)==0) {
         i = 0;
         j = 0;
         q = 0; // track open and closed quotes
         do {
            sBinFilename[j] = sLine[5+i];
            i++;
            j++;
            if ((sBinFilename[j-1] == '\\') || (sBinFilename[j-1] == '/')) { j = 0; } //strip out path info
            if (sBinFilename[j-1] == '"') { j--; q++;} // strip out quotes
         } while ((sLine[5+i-1] != ' ') || (q == 1));
         sBinFilename[j] = '\0';
         //bug?? Why did a trailing space show up??
         while(sBinFilename[--j] == ' ') sBinFilename[j] = '\0';

// do not need to convert to lower case on unix system
//         strlwr(sBinFilename);

      } else {
         printf ("Error: Filename not found on first line of cuefile %s.\n", argv[1]);
         exit (1);
      }

      // Open the bin file
      if(doInPlace == 1) {
         fdBinFile = fopen (sBinFilename, "rb+");
      } else {
         fdBinFile = fopen (sBinFilename, "rb");
      }
      if (fdBinFile == NULL) {
         printf ("Unable to open %s\n", sBinFilename);
         perror("\nbin2iso(fopen)");
         exit(1);
      }

      // Get next line
      if(! fgets( sLine, 256, fdCueFile ) ) {
         printf ("Error Reading Cuefile\n");
         exit (1);
      }

      if(strlen(sOutdir) > 0) {
         if((sOutdir[strlen(sOutdir)-1] != '/' ) && (sOutdir[strlen(sOutdir)-1] != ':' ) ) {
            strcat(sOutdir, "/");
         }
      }

      while(!feof(fdCueFile)) {
         getTrackinfo(sLine, &tracks[nTracks++]);
      }
      set_track_names(tracks, nTracks);
      tracks[nTracks].idx0 = tracks[nTracks].idx1 = -1;

      switch (tracks[0].mode) {
         case MODE1_2048:
            tracks[0].offset0 = tracks[0].idx0*SIZEISO_MODE1;
            break;
         case MODE2_2336:
            tracks[0].offset0 = tracks[0].idx0*SIZEISO_MODE2_FORM2;
            break;
         default:  // AUDIO, MODE1_2352, MODE2_2352:
            tracks[0].offset0 = tracks[0].idx0*SIZERAW;
            break;
      }
      /* set offsets */


      if(0 != fseek(fdBinFile, 0, SEEK_END)) {
         perror("\nbin2iso(fseek)"); exit(1);
      }

      tracks[nTracks].offset0 = tracks[nTracks].offset1 = ftell(fdBinFile);

      for(i = 0; i < nTracks; i++) {
         switch (tracks[i].mode) {
            case MODE1_2048:
               tracks[i].offset1 = tracks[i].offset0   + (tracks[i].idx1-tracks[i].idx0)*SIZEISO_MODE1;
               if(tracks[i+1].idx0 != -1)
                  tracks[i+1].offset0 = tracks[i].offset1 + (tracks[i+1].idx0 - tracks[i].idx1)*SIZEISO_MODE1;
               else {
                  tracks[i+1].idx0 = tracks[i+1].idx1 = (tracks[i+1].offset0 - tracks[i].offset1)/SIZEISO_MODE1 + tracks[i].idx1;
                  if(((tracks[i+1].offset0 - tracks[i].offset1)%SIZEISO_MODE1) != 0) printf("Warning: Bin file has invalid byte count for cuefile.\n");
               }
               break;
            case MODE2_2336:
               tracks[i].offset1 = tracks[i].offset0   + (tracks[i].idx1-tracks[i].idx0)*SIZEISO_MODE2_FORM2;
               if(tracks[i+1].idx0 != -1)
                  tracks[i+1].offset0 = tracks[i].offset1 + (tracks[i+1].idx0 - tracks[i].idx1)*SIZEISO_MODE2_FORM2;
               else {
                  tracks[i+1].idx0 = tracks[i+1].idx1 = (tracks[i+1].offset0 - tracks[i].offset1)/SIZEISO_MODE2_FORM2 + tracks[i].idx1;
                  if(((tracks[i+1].offset0 - tracks[i].offset1)%SIZEISO_MODE2_FORM2) != 0) printf("Warning: Bin file has invalid byte count for cuefile.\n");
               }
               break;
            default:  // AUDIO, MODE1_2352, MODE2_2352:
               tracks[i].offset1 = tracks[i].offset0   + (tracks[i].idx1-tracks[i].idx0)*SIZERAW;
               if(tracks[i+1].idx0 != -1)
                  tracks[i+1].offset0 = tracks[i].offset1 + (tracks[i+1].idx0 - tracks[i].idx1)*SIZERAW;
               else {
                  tracks[i+1].idx0 = tracks[i+1].idx1 = (tracks[i+1].offset0 - tracks[i].offset1)/SIZERAW + tracks[i].idx1;
                  if(((tracks[i+1].offset0 - tracks[i].offset1)%SIZERAW) != 0) printf("Warning: Bin file has invalid byte count for cuefile.\n");
               }
               break;
         }
      }

      // if not allowing overburn, then create a new track to hold extra data...
      if(no_overburn == 1) {
         i = nTracks;
         if(tracks[i].idx0 > CD74_MAX_SECTORS) {
            tracks[i+1] = tracks[nTracks];
            strcpy(tracks[i].name, "obdatatemp.bin");
            tracks[i].idx0 = CD74_MAX_SECTORS;
            tracks[i].idx1 = CD74_MAX_SECTORS;
            switch (tracks[i-1].mode) {
               case MODE1_2048:
                  tracks[i].offset0 = tracks[i-1].offset1 + (tracks[i].idx0 - tracks[i-1].idx1)*SIZEISO_MODE1;
                  break;
               case MODE2_2336:
                  tracks[i].offset0 = tracks[i-1].offset1 + (tracks[i].idx0 - tracks[i-1].idx1)*SIZEISO_MODE2_FORM2;
                  break;
               default:  // AUDIO, MODE1_2352, MODE2_2352:
                  tracks[i].offset0 = tracks[i-1].offset1 + (tracks[i].idx0 - tracks[i-1].idx1)*SIZERAW;
                  break;
            }
            tracks[i].offset1 = tracks[i].offset0;
            tracks[i].mode = tracks[i-1].mode;
            nTracks++;
         }
      }


      /* set sizes */
      for(i = 0; i < nTracks; i++) {
         switch (tracks[i].mode) {
            case MODE1_2352:
               tracks[i].size = ((tracks[i+1].offset1 - tracks[i].offset1) / SIZERAW ) * SIZEISO_MODE1;
               break;
            case MODE2_2336:
               tracks[i].size = ((tracks[i+1].offset1 - tracks[i].offset1) / SIZEISO_MODE2_FORM2 ) * SIZERAW;
               break;
            default: // MODE1_2048, MODE2_2352, AUDIO
              tracks[i].size = tracks[i+1].offset1 - tracks[i].offset1;
              break;
         }
      }

      if(writegap == -1)  { writegap = checkGaps(fdBinFile, tracks, nTracks); }

      if(writegap == 1)
         printf("Note: Appending pregap data to end of audio tracks\n");
      else
         printf("Note: Discarding pregap data\n");

      printf("\n");
      for(i = 0; i <= nTracks-1; i++) {
#ifdef __DOS__
         printf("%s (%3d Mb) - sectors %06ld:",
            tracks[i].name,
            tracks[i].size/(1024l*1024l),
            tracks[i].idx1
         );
         printf("%06ld (offset %09ld:",
            ( ((writegap == 0) || (tracks[i].mode != AUDIO)) ? tracks[i+1].idx0 : tracks[i+1].idx1)-1,
            tracks[i].offset1
         );
         printf("%09ld)\n",
            ( ((writegap == 0) || (tracks[i].mode != AUDIO)) ? tracks[i+1].offset0 : tracks[i+1].offset1)-1
         );
#else
         printf("%s (%3lu Mb) - sectors %06ld:%06ld (offset %09ld:%09ld)\n",
            tracks[i].name,
            tracks[i].size/(1024*1024),
            tracks[i].idx1,
            ( ((writegap == 0) || (tracks[i].mode != AUDIO)) ? tracks[i+1].idx0 : tracks[i+1].idx1)-1,
            tracks[i].offset1,
            ( ((writegap == 0) || (tracks[i].mode != AUDIO)) ? tracks[i+1].offset0 : tracks[i+1].offset1)-1
         );
#endif
      }
      printf("\n");

      if( (((mode2to1 != 1) && (tracks[0].mode == MODE2_2352)) || (tracks[0].mode == MODE1_2048)) && (nTracks == 1) ) {
         if(tracks[0].mode == MODE2_2352) { printf("Mode2/2352"); }
         if(tracks[0].mode == MODE1_2048) { printf("Mode1/2048"); }
         printf(" single track bin file indicated by cue file\n");
         fclose(fdBinFile);
         if( 0 != rename(sBinFilename, tracks[0].name) ) {
            perror("\nbin2iso(rename)");
            exit(1);
         }
         printf("%s renamed to %s\n", sBinFilename, tracks[0].name);
         fclose(fdCueFile);
         return(0);
      }

      for(i=nTracks-1; i>=0; i--) {
         trackA = tracks[i];
         trackB = tracks[i+1];
         // audio can't be done in the bin file due to header.
         // 2336 can't either because it's expanded to 2352
         if((doInPlace == 1) && (i == 0) && (trackA.mode != AUDIO) && (trackA.mode != MODE2_2336) ) {
            sOutFilename[0] = '\0';
         } else {
            strcpy(sOutFilename, sOutdir);
            strcat(sOutFilename, trackA.name);
         }
         if ( ((doOneTrack == 1) && strcmp(trackA.num, sTrack)==0) || (doOneTrack == 0) ) {

            if(!((i == 0) && ((trackA.mode == MODE2_2352)||(trackA.mode == MODE1_2048)) && (doInPlace == 1) )){
               if (!writegap || (trackA.mode != AUDIO)) { // when not Audio, don't append.
                  dotrack(trackA.mode, trackA.idx0, trackA.idx1, trackB.idx0, trackA.offset1);
               } else {
                  /* if(trackA.idx0 == 0) // handles first track with pregap.
                     dotrack(trackA.mode,           0, trackA.idx1, trackB.idx1, trackA.offset1);
                  else
                  */
                  dotrack(trackA.mode, trackA.idx1, trackA.idx1, trackB.idx1, trackA.offset1);
               }
            }
         } /*else {
            fclose(fdBinFile); // just close bin file. Already MODE1_2048 or MODE2_2352
         }*/
         if( (doOneTrack == 0) && (doInPlace == 1) ) {
            if( (i != 0) || ( (i == 0) && ((trackA.mode == AUDIO)||(trackA.mode == MODE2_2336)) ) ) {
               printf("Truncating bin file to %ld bytes\n", trackA.offset1);
               if( -1 == ftruncate(fileno(fdBinFile), trackA.offset1) ) {
                  perror("\nbin2iso(_chsize)");
                  exit(1);
               }
            } else {
               printf("Renaming %s to %s\n", sBinFilename, trackA.name);
               fclose(fdBinFile);
               if( 0 != rename(sBinFilename, trackA.name) ) {
                  perror("\nbin2iso(rename)");
                  exit(1);
               }

               // fix writepos for case when simply truncating...
               if((trackA.mode == MODE2_2352) || (trackA.mode == MODE1_2048)){ writepos = trackB.offset0; }

               printf("Truncating to %ld bytes\n", writepos);

               fdBinFile = fopen(trackA.name, "rb+"); // gets closed in doTrack...
               if(fdBinFile == NULL) { perror("bin2iso(fopen)"); exit(1); }

               if( -1 == ftruncate(fileno(fdBinFile), writepos) ) {
                  perror("\nbin2iso(_chsize)");
                  exit(1);
               }
            }
         }
      }
   }
   fclose(fdCueFile);
   fclose(fdBinFile);
   return(0);
}