diff --git a/dotnet/src/webdriver/assets/nuget/README.md b/dotnet/src/webdriver/assets/nuget/README.md
index e05cb38ab350b..1dc4a308a0717 100644
--- a/dotnet/src/webdriver/assets/nuget/README.md
+++ b/dotnet/src/webdriver/assets/nuget/README.md
@@ -1,17 +1,50 @@
-Selenium is a set of different software tools each with a different approach to supporting browser automation. These tools are highly flexible, allowing many options for locating and manipulating elements within a browser, and one of its key features is the support for automating multiple browser platforms. This package contains the .NET bindings for the concise and object-based Selenium WebDriver API, which uses native OS-level events to manipulate the browser, bypassing the JavaScript sandbox, and does not require the Selenium Server to automate the browser.
+# Selenium.WebDriver
-# Usage
+.NET language bindings for [Selenium WebDriver](https://www.selenium.dev).
+Selenium automates browsers for testing and web-based task automation.
+
+Targets .NET Framework 4.6.2, .NET Standard 2.0, and .NET 8.0.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver
+```
+
+## Quick Start
```csharp
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
-using OpenQA.Selenium;
-
-await using var driver = new ChromeDriver();
-driver.Url = "https://www.google.com";
-driver.FindElement(By.Name("q")).SendKeys("webdriver" + Keys.Return);
+using var driver = new ChromeDriver();
+driver.Url = "https://www.selenium.dev";
Console.WriteLine(driver.Title);
```
-# Contributing
-Contributions are accepted either through [GitHub](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/) pull requests or patches via the [Selenium issue tracker](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues).
+Selenium Manager automatically handles browser driver installation — no manual driver setup required.
+
+## Documentation
+
+- [Getting Started](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/getting_started/)
+- [.NET API Docs](https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/dotnet/)
+- [Selenium Manager](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/selenium_manager/)
+- [Selenium Grid](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/)
+
+## Support
+
+- [Selenium Chat](https://www.selenium.dev/support/#ChatRoom)
+- [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues)
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are welcome via [GitHub](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/) pull requests.
+See the [source code](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/tree/trunk/dotnet) for this binding.
+
+## Links
+
+- [NuGet](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Selenium.WebDriver)
+- [Documentation](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/?tab=dotnet)
+
+## License
+
+Licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
diff --git a/java/README.md b/java/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ede83684beff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# selenium-java
+
+Java language bindings for [Selenium WebDriver](https://www.selenium.dev).
+Selenium automates browsers for testing and web-based task automation.
+
+Requires Java 11+.
+
+## Installation
+
+Replace `4.x.y` with the latest version from [Maven Central](https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java).
+
+### Maven
+
+```xml
+
+ org.seleniumhq.selenium
+ selenium-java
+ 4.x.y
+
+```
+
+### Gradle
+
+```groovy
+implementation "org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java:4.x.y"
+```
+
+## Quick Start
+
+```java
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
+
+public class Example {
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
+ driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev");
+ System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
+ driver.quit();
+ }
+}
+```
+
+Selenium Manager automatically handles browser driver installation — no manual driver setup required.
+
+## Documentation
+
+- [Getting Started](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/getting_started/)
+- [Java API Docs](https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/java/)
+- [Selenium Manager](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/selenium_manager/)
+- [Selenium Grid](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/)
+
+## Support
+
+- [Selenium Chat](https://www.selenium.dev/support/#ChatRoom)
+- [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues)
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are welcome via [GitHub](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/) pull requests.
+See the [source code](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/tree/trunk/java) for this binding.
+
+## Links
+
+- [Maven Central](https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java)
+- [Documentation](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/?tab=java)
+
+## License
+
+Licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
diff --git a/javascript/selenium-webdriver/README.md b/javascript/selenium-webdriver/README.md
index 9224507b7cc74..09b205f329178 100644
--- a/javascript/selenium-webdriver/README.md
+++ b/javascript/selenium-webdriver/README.md
@@ -1,230 +1,105 @@
# selenium-webdriver
-Selenium is a browser automation library. Most often used for testing
-web-applications, Selenium may be used for any task that requires automating
-interaction with the browser.
+JavaScript language bindings for [Selenium WebDriver](https://www.selenium.dev).
+Selenium automates browsers for testing and web-based task automation.
-## Installation
-
-Selenium may be installed via npm with
-
- npm install selenium-webdriver
+Requires Node.js >= 20.
-You will need to download additional components to work with each of the major
-browsers. The drivers for Chrome, Firefox, and Microsoft's IE and Edge web
-browsers are all standalone executables that should be placed on your system
-[PATH]. Apple's safaridriver (v10 and above) can be found at the
-following path – /usr/bin/safaridriver. To enable automation on safari,
-you need to run command `safaridriver --enable`.
-
-| Browser | Component |
-| :---------------- | :------------------------------- |
-| Chrome | [chromedriver(.exe)][chrome] |
-| Internet Explorer | [IEDriverServer.exe][release] |
-| Edge | [MicrosoftWebDriver.msi][edge] |
-| Firefox | [geckodriver(.exe)][geckodriver] |
-| Opera | [operadriver(.exe)][operadriver] |
-| Safari | [safaridriver] |
+## Installation
-## Usage
+```bash
+npm install selenium-webdriver
+```
-The sample below and others are included in the `example` directory. You may
-also find the tests for selenium-webdriver informative.
+## Quick Start
```javascript
-const { Builder, Browser, By, Key, until } = require('selenium-webdriver')
+const { Builder, Browser } = require('selenium-webdriver')
;(async function example() {
- let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.FIREFOX).build()
+ let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build()
try {
- await driver.get('https://www.google.com/ncr')
- await driver.findElement(By.name('q')).sendKeys('webdriver', Key.RETURN)
- await driver.wait(until.titleIs('webdriver - Google Search'), 1000)
+ await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev')
+ console.log(await driver.getTitle())
} finally {
await driver.quit()
}
})()
```
-### Using the Builder API
+Selenium Manager automatically handles browser driver installation — no manual driver setup required.
+
+## Configuring the Builder
-The `Builder` class is your one-stop shop for configuring new WebDriver
-instances. Rather than clutter your code with branches for the various browsers,
-the builder lets you set all options in one flow. When you call
-`Builder#build()`, all options irrelevant to the selected browser are dropped:
+The `Builder` sets default options for all browsers in a single chain; options
+for non-selected browsers are dropped at `build()` time. The target browser can
+be swapped at runtime via the `SELENIUM_BROWSER` environment variable.
```javascript
-const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver')
+const { Builder, Browser } = require('selenium-webdriver')
const chrome = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome')
const firefox = require('selenium-webdriver/firefox')
-let driver = new webdriver.Builder()
- .forBrowser(webdriver.Browser.FIREFOX)
- .setChromeOptions(/* ... */)
- .setFirefoxOptions(/* ... */)
+let driver = new Builder()
+ .forBrowser(Browser.FIREFOX)
+ .setChromeOptions(new chrome.Options())
+ .setFirefoxOptions(new firefox.Options())
.build()
```
-Why would you want to configure options irrelevant to the target browser? The
-`Builder`'s API defines your _default_ configuration. You can change the target
-browser at runtime through the `SELENIUM_BROWSER` environment variable. For
-example, the `example/google_search.js` script is configured to run against
-Firefox. You can run the example against other browsers just by changing the
-runtime environment
-
- # cd node_modules/selenium-webdriver
- node example/google_search
- SELENIUM_BROWSER=chrome node example/google_search
- SELENIUM_BROWSER=safari node example/google_search
-
-### The Standalone Selenium Server
+## Running Against a Remote Server
-The standalone Selenium Server acts as a proxy between your script and the
-browser-specific drivers. The server may be used when running locally, but it's
-not recommend as it introduces an extra hop for each request and will slow
-things down. The server is required, however, to use a browser on a remote host
-(most browser drivers, like the IEDriverServer, do not accept remote
-connections).
-
-To use the Selenium Server, you will need to install the
-[JDK](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html) and
-download the latest server from [Selenium][release]. Once downloaded, run the
-server with
-
- java -jar selenium-server-4.27.0.jar standalone
-
-You may configure your tests to run against a remote server through the Builder
-API:
+To run scripts against a [Selenium Grid](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/)
+or standalone server, point the Builder at the server URL, or set
+`SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL`:
```javascript
-let driver = new webdriver.Builder()
- .forBrowser(webdriver.Browser.FIREFOX)
- .usingServer('http://localhost:4444/wd/hub')
+let driver = new Builder()
+ .forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
+ .usingServer('http://localhost:4444')
.build()
```
-Or change the Builder's configuration at runtime with the `SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL`
-environment variable:
+```bash
+SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL="http://localhost:4444" node script.js
+```
- SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL="http://localhost:4444/wd/hub" node script.js
+## Node Support Policy
-You can experiment with these options using the `example/google_search.js`
-script provided with `selenium-webdriver`.
+Each `selenium-webdriver` release targets the latest _semver-minor_ of Node's
+[LTS and Current releases](https://github.com/nodejs/release#release-schedule).
+
+| Level | Guarantee |
+| :------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| _supported_ | API compatible without runtime flags; bugs investigated and fixed. |
+| _best effort_ | Bugs investigated as time permits; API compatibility only where required. |
+| _unsupported_ | Bug reports closed as will-not-fix; API compatibility not guaranteed. |
+
+Versions older than the active LTS, unstable release branches (e.g. `v.Next`),
+and _semver-major_ Node releases outside the LTS / Current pair are _unsupported_.
## Documentation
-API documentation is available online from the [Selenium project][api].
-Additional resources include
+- [Getting Started](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/getting_started/)
+- [JavaScript API Docs](https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/javascript/)
+- [Selenium Manager](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/selenium_manager/)
+- [Selenium Grid](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/)
-- the #selenium channel on Libera IRC
-- the [selenium-users@googlegroups.com][users] list
-- [SeleniumHQ](https://selenium.dev/documentation/) documentation
+## Support
+
+- [Selenium Chat](https://www.selenium.dev/support/#ChatRoom)
+- [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues)
## Contributing
-Contributions are accepted either through [GitHub][gh] pull requests or patches
-via the [Selenium issue tracker][issues].
+Contributions are welcome via [GitHub](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/) pull requests.
+See the [source code](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/tree/trunk/javascript/selenium-webdriver) for this binding.
-## Node Support Policy
+## Links
-Each version of selenium-webdriver will support the latest _semver-minor_
-version of the [LTS] and stable Node releases. All _semver-major_ &
-_semver-minor_ versions between the LTS and stable release will have "best
-effort" support. Following a Selenium release, any _semver-minor_ Node releases
-will also have "best effort" support. Releases older than the latest LTS,
-_semver-major_ releases, and all unstable release branches (e.g. "v.Next")
-are considered strictly unsupported.
-
-For example, suppose the current LTS and stable releases are v22.13.0 and
-v23.6.0,
-respectively. Then a Selenium release would have the following support levels:
-
-| Version | Support |
-| :--------: | :-----------: |
-| <= 16.20.2 | _unsupported_ |
-| 16.20.2 | supported |
-| 18.8.0 | supported |
-| >= 22.13.0 | best effort |
-| v.Next | _unsupported_ |
-
-### Support Level Definitions
-
-- _supported:_ A selenium-webdriver release will be API compatible with the
- platform API, without the use of runtime flags.
-
-- _best effort:_ Bugs will be investigated as time permits. API compatibility is
- only guaranteed where required by a _supported_ release. This effectively
- means the adoption of new JS features, such as ES2015 modules, will depend
- on what is supported in Node's LTS.
-
-- _unsupported:_ Bug submissions will be closed as will-not-fix and API
- compatibility is not guaranteed.
-
-### Projected Support Schedule
-
-If Node releases a new [LTS] each October and a new major version every 6
-months, the support window for selenium-webdriver will be roughly:
-
-| Release | Status | END-OF-LIFE |
-| :-----: | :-------------: | :---------: |
-| v18.x | Maintenance LTS | 2025-04-30 |
-| v19.x | End-of-Life | 2023-06-01 |
-| v20.x | Maintenance LTS | 2026-04-30 |
-| v21.x | End-of-Life | 2024-06-01 |
-| V22.x | Active LTS | 2027-04-30 |
-| V23.x | Current | 2025-06-01 |
-
-## Issues
-
-Please report any issues using the [Selenium issue tracker][issues]. When using
-the issue tracker
-
-- **Do** include a detailed description of the problem.
-- **Do** include a link to a [gist](http://gist.github.com/) with any
- interesting stack traces/logs (you may also attach these directly to the bug
- report).
-- **Do** include a [reduced test case][reduction]. Reporting "unable to find
- element on the page" is _not_ a valid report - there's nothing for us to
- look into. Expect your bug report to be closed if you do not provide enough
- information for us to investigate.
-- **Do not** use the issue tracker to submit basic help requests. All help
- inquiries should be directed to the [user forum][users] or #selenium IRC
- channel.
-- **Do not** post empty "I see this too" or "Any updates?" comments. These
- provide no additional information and clutter the log.
-- **Do not** report regressions on closed bugs as they are not actively
- monitored for updates (especially bugs that are >6 months old). Please open a
- new issue and reference the original bug in your report.
+- [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/selenium-webdriver)
+- [Documentation](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/?tab=javascript)
## License
-Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
-or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
-distributed with this work for additional information
-regarding copyright ownership. The SFC licenses this file
-to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
-specific language governing permissions and limitations
-under the License.
-
-[LTS]: https://github.com/nodejs/LTS
-[PATH]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PATH_%28variable%29
-[api]: https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/javascript/
-[chrome]: https://googlechromelabs.github.io/chrome-for-testing/#stable
-[gh]: https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/
-[issues]: https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues
-[edge]: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=619687
-[geckodriver]: https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/
-[reduction]: http://www.webkit.org/quality/reduction.html
-[release]: https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/
-[users]: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/selenium-users
-[safaridriver]: https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/content/releasenotes/General/WhatsNewInSafari/Articles/Safari_10_0.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014305-CH11-DontLinkElementID_28
-[operadriver]: https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases
+Licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
diff --git a/py/README.rst b/py/README.rst
deleted file mode 120000
index 57b939ddb968c..0000000000000
--- a/py/README.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-docs/source/index.rst
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/py/README.rst b/py/README.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7f2c3225e0a9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/py/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+======================
+Selenium Client Driver
+======================
+
+Python language bindings for `Selenium WebDriver `_.
+Selenium automates browsers for testing and web-based task automation.
+
+Supported Python Versions
+=========================
+
+* Python 3.10+
+
+Installing
+==========
+
+Install or upgrade the Python bindings with `pip `_.
+
+Latest official release::
+
+ pip install -U selenium
+
+Quick Start
+===========
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+ from selenium import webdriver
+
+ driver = webdriver.Chrome()
+ driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev")
+ print(driver.title)
+ driver.quit()
+
+Selenium Manager automatically handles browser driver installation — no manual driver setup required.
+
+Documentation
+=============
+
+- `Getting Started `_
+- `Python API Docs `_
+- `Selenium Manager `_
+- `Selenium Grid `_
+
+Support
+=======
+
+- `Selenium Chat `_
+- `GitHub Issues `_
+
+Contributing
+============
+
+Contributions are welcome via `GitHub `_ pull requests.
+See the `source code `_ for this binding.
+
+Links
+=====
+
+- `PyPI `_
+- `Documentation `_
+
+License
+=======
+
+Licensed under the `Apache License 2.0 `_.
diff --git a/rb/README.md b/rb/README.md
index 396462bf17bf9..2d99f0bc5876f 100644
--- a/rb/README.md
+++ b/rb/README.md
@@ -1,34 +1,51 @@
# selenium-webdriver
-This gem provides Ruby bindings for Selenium and supports MRI >= 3.2.
+Ruby language bindings for [Selenium WebDriver](https://www.selenium.dev).
+Selenium automates browsers for testing and web-based task automation.
-## Install
+Supports MRI >= 3.2.
- gem install selenium-webdriver
+## Installation
-## Links
+```bash
+gem install selenium-webdriver
+```
-* https://rubygems.org/gems/selenium-webdriver
-* https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/rb/index.html
-* https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/?tab=ruby
-* https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues
+## Quick Start
-## License
+```ruby
+require "selenium-webdriver"
+
+driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
+driver.get "https://www.selenium.dev"
+puts driver.title
+driver.quit
+```
+
+Selenium Manager automatically handles browser driver installation — no manual driver setup required.
+
+## Documentation
+
+- [Getting Started](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/getting_started/)
+- [Ruby API Docs](https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/rb/index.html)
+- [Selenium Manager](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/selenium_manager/)
+- [Selenium Grid](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/)
-Copyright 2009-2024 Software Freedom Conservancy
+## Support
-Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
-or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
-distributed with this work for additional information
-regarding copyright ownership. The SFC licenses this file
-to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+- [Selenium Chat](https://www.selenium.dev/support/#ChatRoom)
+- [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues)
- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are welcome via [GitHub](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/) pull requests.
+See the [source code](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/tree/trunk/rb) for this binding.
+
+## Links
+
+- [RubyGems](https://rubygems.org/gems/selenium-webdriver)
+- [Documentation](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/?tab=ruby)
+
+## License
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
+Licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).