33
44# Inverse Dynamics of Muscle Systems
55
6- {{ caution_old_tutorial }}
7-
8-
96The AnyBody Modeling System performs inverse dynamics as one of its
107central operations. In biomechanics, inverse dynamics is traditionally
11- understood at the process of computing from measured ground reaction
8+ understood as the process of computing from measured ground reaction
129forces in a gait analysis to net moments in the anatomical joints.
1310
1411At least in AnyBody context, inverse dynamics is much more than that. In
1512brief, inverse dynamics allows you to simulate muscle and joint forces
1613in the entire body undergoing complex movements, taking dynamic inertia
17- forces in to account, and not necessarily requiring measured forces in
14+ forces into account, and not necessarily requiring measured forces in
1815the interface between the body and the environment. Inverse dynamics had
1916the advantage that it allows for analysis of very complicated
2017musculoskeletal systems comprising hundreds of muscles on desktop or
@@ -23,7 +20,11 @@ laptop computers in a few seconds.
2320The figure below illustrates the simple principle behind inverse
2421dynamics.
2522
26- ![ Inverse dynamic simple schematic] ( _static/Inverse_dynamics/image1.png )
23+ ``` {image} _static/Inverse_dynamics/image1.png
24+ :alt: Simple principle
25+ :align: center
26+ :width: 40%
27+ ```
2728
2829If we know the magnitude of the external force, and we know the length
2930of the forearm and the insertion point of the biceps muscle on the
@@ -37,7 +38,11 @@ computations with advanced software? Well, there are several
3738complications that make realistic cases somewhat more challenging. The
3839figure below illustrates some of them.
3940
40- ![ Inverse dynamic full model] ( _static/Inverse_dynamics/image2.png )
41+ ``` {image} _static/Inverse_dynamics/image2.png
42+ :alt: Realistic case
43+ :align: center
44+ :width: 45%
45+ ```
4146
4247This figure is a much more anatomically realistic representation of the
4348mechanics of a human upper extremity. Even if we count only from the
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